The Condition for Tocumen International Airport

In the central stir up of straw hat, the isthmus curves to form an arc. The arc's hogged side faces northward, while its convex border delineates the Gulf of Panama. Panama City lies along the rim towards the northern end of this gulf. This urban center contains roughly 30% of the nation's population and also serves as its capital. The Tocumen Airport is located or so 17 miles east of Panama City ("The Air Traveler's vade mecum" n.g.).

Once called the General Omar Torrijos Airport, the facility's name was changed to Tocumen International in 1989 (Hughes 70-71). The website actually consists of two airfields: the Tocumen military machine airfield and the Tocumen International Airport. The army airfield lies just north and slightly east of the civic airport (Donnelly et al. 195). both the military and civilian facilities each wee-wee a single runway. These airstrips atomic number 18 fairly long: severally is everyplace 8,000 feet in length. Thus, Tocumen International Airport is capable of help any number of different commercial air carriers (Meditz & Hanratty 145).

The run in Panama is tropical. The country lies south of the Tropic of malignant neoplastic disease (23((N.) (West & Augelli 36-44). Thus, latitude has substantial control over the climate. These effects are evidenced by the country's seasonal temperatures. Typically within the tropical zone there is a relatively s

For the most part though, the weather in Panama is hot. The blotto annual temperature is as high as 80(F, with maximum and tokenish values of 100(F and 60(F, respectively (Benton 49). The country's hottest months occur from May through October.

The airstrips at Tocumen International Airport are aligned with the prevailing winds. The Tocumen Military Airfield and the Tocumen civil airport each have a single runway oriented northeast to southwest: Their primeval headings are 030( and 210(, respectively (Defense Mapping Agency n.g.).

During the rainy season, unbecoming weather conditions could frequently occur during both day and darkness operations. Aircraft departing into the tradewinds and heading north or east might meet low visibility and thunderstorms.

such problems would be intensify by the presence of Panama's mountain ranges. For example, the Cordillera de San Blas rises to over 3,000 feet in the northeast. Aircraft crossing over these mountains--both during the day and at night--could encounter turbulence and even, possibly, icing. Likewise, aircraft on court during the rainy season might encounter similar problems. Both day and night operations over the Gulf of Panama could be contacted by low visibility and thunderstorms. Such storms may produce surface wind gusts of up to 70 knots (Collins, "Boomers" 66-70). Even at altitude, rainy season thunderstorms could produce unfavorable effects. These atmospheric disturbances can extend to elevations of over 40,000 feet. In admission to turbulence, thunderstorms may also create powerful down-drafts and up-drafts, hail up to 2 inches in diameter, and severe rain. Finally, all of these climate-related hazards would be compounded by Panama's high temperatures and humidity. Both of these factors might adversely affect aircraft performance (Collins, "Hazy Crazy Days of Summer," 110).

Vareley, H. The Air Traveler's enchiridion: The Complete Guide To Air Travel, Airplanes, And Airports. New Y
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